Type-writing machine.



' No. 863,065. P'ATENTED AUG. 13, 190-7.

' I F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE. APP LIUATION FILED BBQ-23,1901- 1 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W/TNL'SSES 54mg {7 Wm A TTOENE y PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907.

F. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION nun DEO.23,1901.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

//v VENTOI? A TTORNE Y 7 FreirzkW wmvss sss PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907.

F. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEO.23,1901.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

lNVENTUR l z iew'a 7%; 2

ATTEIRNEY WITNESSES APPLICATION FILED DEO.23,1901.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

,INVENTEIR E eiewk W/QQ'Z/awi WITNESSES Y aizrmw BY y ' AITTEIRNEY No. 863,065. I 'PATENTED'AUG. 13, 1907. I F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DE(J.23,1901.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

. m Q QN. V Mi n w M N N a n H QM m n A m a W fim m m* ,0 Q m Q mm I v 1 @w m @NQ MM W ATTORNEY No. 863,065. I PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907.

F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 23,1901.

12 BHEET8BHEBT 8.

W/ TNE SSE S No. 863,065. PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907. I. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG-23,1801.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

' 76' //v VENTOR A TTORNE) PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907. P. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEO.23,1901.

12 SHE\ETSSHEET 10.

WITNESSES:

A TTORNEY PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907. P. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO.23,1901.

12 SHEER-SHEET 11.

A770 NE) W/ TNE SSE 8 PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907.

F. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 111:0.zs,1901.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

mun 1H IN VENTOI? 56563 mag? W/TNESES ATTORNEY YUNITED earns PATENT onnron.

1 FREDERIC W. HILLARD, OF TOTTENVILLE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, -TO ELLIOTT-FISHERGOMPANY, OF YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TYPE-WRITING- MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

I Application filed December 23, 1901. Serial No. 86,999.

of the United States of America, anda resident of Tottenville, in the county of Richmond, city-and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly to book typewriters adapted to write upon thepage'of any ordinary bound book when'spread t out flat, or to write upon sheets of paper, envelops,

cards, and the like.

One of the great defects in machines of this class heretofore in use isthe liability to shock or jar the carriage and other parts, due to the carelessness of the' operator,

when turning the writing mechanism upward and' downward and resulting in more or less injury to the machine.

' In this connection an object of the invention is to so balance the carriage that it may be raised from or lowered to the writing position with perfect ease and without shock or jar to the various parts of the machine. A further object is to provide mechanismby means of which work'is facilitated by, for instance, making it easier to inspect the writing and to correct the same, by leaving the entire writing face of a sheet accesssible and fullyexposed. A still further object is to improve the construction of the line-spacing mechanism, whereby the carriage is shifted over one or a plurality of lines at will; in the present instance three. I

' A still further object of the-invention is to provide means for automatically locking the carriage and the carriage-frame against running back'upon the baseframe when the same is lifted, thereby preventing injuryto the machine, due to the sudden impact of the" carriage and the carriage-frame with any other parts of the machine. I A still further object is to automatically lock the carriage against being accidentally thrown back away from the base-frame, upon the lifting of the latter.

A still furtherobject of the invention is to so mount the carriage and the carriage-frame upon the base-frame and above those heretofore in use, among which there maybe enumerated: that the carriage is adapted to raised therewith; that the rear guide-rail moves with a swinging motion: that the carriage and carriage-frame are provided with means for automatically lockingthe same in their full pushed-back position on the baseframe, or, should the carriage and the carriage-frame 'not be pushed fully back, for automatically locking the carriage and carriage-frame against running back upon the base-frame during the lifting thereof; that the scale for letter, figure, character or word spacing is hung so that at the raising of the carriage to its sec- 0nd or highest position, the scale is caused to automatically clear or raise itself from the writing surface on which it rests; and thatthe pointer is hung so as to automatically rise with the scale, the consequence being that both scale and pointer are raised from the writing surfaceto their full elevation while the carriage is being moved from its first or lower raised position to the second or highest position.

My invention consists of certain features of construction and combinations of parts to be hereinafter fully described in detail and then pointed out in the claims.

In order that my invention may be more fully understood, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying twelvesheets of drawings, inwhich 1 Figure 1 is a plan View of a book typewriter embodying my improvements, the supports for the machine and means for mounting the base-frame andplaten upon the supports being omitted, to obtain sufficient size of view, the writing or printing mechanism being par tially indicated by dotted lines, portions of the outer ends of the base-frame and platen being broken away, and the inner ends of the swing-frame forming a portion of the carriage-frame being broken away, but indicated in dotted lines for clearness sake. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, showing the manner of mounting'the platen and base-frame with its supported'parts upon 7,

the supports, which are arranged upon a suitable table. In this figure, means for automatically locking the carriage and swing portion of thecarri'age-frame against keeling over away from the base-frame, when the latter is lifted, are shown. Fig. 3 is a brokendetail View looking downward and, showing the means for automatically {locking the carriage and swing-frame to the base-frame. ,Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail View of a ballbearing joint which maybe employed between the two frame-sections of which the carriage-frame is composed. Fig. 24 is a detail of a friction device. 1' shown in full lines in Fig. 8, upon the outer edges of i 4 is a detail section of an adjustable line index-plate. Fig. 5' is a sectional side elevation of the lmachine, parts being broken away to show the scale and pointer. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of mostof the parts shown in Fig. 5, showing the first raised position of the, carriage in which the scale and pointer still rest upon the sheet. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the same parts, in which the carriage is raised to its highest position and the scale and pointer lifted away from the sheet. Fig. 8 is a rearelevatio'n of the machine, the writing mechanism attached to the carriage being omitted and a few parts broken away. Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail view of the means for automatically raising the scale and pointer, these being shown in normal using position. Fig. 10 is a view of the same parts enlarged, shown in the same position as in Fig. 7. Fig. 11 is a plan view, part being broken away, and Fig. 12 is a side view,-both showing the swing-frame forming a part of the carriageframe and upon the guide-rail of which the forward portion of the carriage travels. Figs. 13 and 14 are views corresponding in position, respectively, with the positions in Figs. 5 and 6, and showing so much of the base-frame, carriage-frame and carriage as suffices to illustrate the automatic lock for the carriage and carriage-frame at the opposite sides of the machine to that shown in Figs. 2' and 3, and Fig. 15 is a view, showing the saidlock in action, when the base-frame is raised. Fig. 16 is a detail view of the said automatic lock, showing itin locked position corresponding with Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a side view of parts of the "tmachine, showingthe line-spacing mechanism, the

I 20- is a detail view, parts being omitted, showing themeans for locking the line-spacing mechanism when same beingadjusted to feed for three line spaces.

Fig. 18 is a view of the line-spacing mechanism as is seen from the left of Fig. 17, the base-frame and car-' riage-frame being shown in section, and the middle portion of the line-spacing shaft and the corresponding portion of the platen being broken out for the purpose of a sufiiciently large illustration. Fig.19 is a side elevation of the line-spacing mechanism,- showing the same adjusted for spacing for one line-space, and Fig.

the base-frame islifted.

Referring to the drawings, the platen 1 andthe baseframe 2 (see Fig. 2. in particular) are each 'provided with l'ugs at their rear ends through which passes a pivot shaft 2 that is carried by supports 2 mounted on a suitable table. By so pivotally mounting the base-frame and platen, they maybe swung up independently clear of the table or they may be swung down so that the platen and the'base-framemay be caused to lie on opposite sides of the surface to be written on, the platen being underneath. Theclgtrriage-frame is composed, as shown in Fig'sgl to 8, 11

Y and 12, of two principal members, 3 and 4, each composed of several connected parts and designated hereinafter a fslide-frame and a swing-frame, respectively: The slide-frame 3 which supports the carriage 5, (portions of which are shown in full lines and other portions by dotted lines) comprises a back-bar 7 extending transversely over the base-frame 2 and side-pieces 8 of the slide frame 3, at opposite ends of the back-bar, guided by a tongue-and-groove connection which is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1 and the base-frame 2.

On the forward ends of the side-pieces 8 plates 9 are screwed or suitably fastened as shown in Fig. 1 so as to extend inwardly across the upper surface of the sides racks 10, fixed to the side-pieces 11 of the base-frame, the purpose being to hold the forward'ends of the said side-pieces 8 in position against spreading. One sidepiece 8,is provided as shown in Fig. 1 preferably with a separate piece to be hereinafter described, on which is a mark, cut or other means, forming an index 12 at one side of the carriage-frame, which index, as the carriage-frame is'shifted during line-spacing, is caused to register with the .graduations of scales 12, which may consist of graduated strips secured to the. side portions of the base-frame and extending longitudinally thereof, or the graduations may, if desired, be made directly in the base-frame. In this Way, means are provided for accurately indicating the line position of the writingof brackets 13, extending rigidly from opposite sides of the slide-frame of the carriage-frame 3-4, and is provided with a pawl 13Which is provided with a side' toe 13 and takes against the teeth of a ratchet-wheel 13 keyed on the shaft 13, so that the shaft may be of the base-frame, their inner ends being turned down and guided along the inner sides of the longitudinal intermittently turned for line-spacing and the spacing effectuated by the meshing of pinions' 10 fixed on the shaft 13- with the teeth of the racks 10. The teeth of the ratchet-wheel the gear of the pinions 10* and the racks 10 are so proportioned relatively to each other and to the ratchet-teeth that the rotation of the ratchetwheel for the distance of each tooth will shift the carriage and carriage-frame along the" base-frame from one line space to the next line space, the distance corresponding with the distance between contiguous graduations on the side scales 12. The bracket 13 adjacent the spaeing-lever13 is provided with a forwardly-projecting rigid arm 14 which is provided with a series (preferably three) of holes 14 arranged concentrically to the axis of the shaft 13, said holes being adapted to receive alocking-pin 14 fixed. to the outer end of the rocking-piece 14:which latter forms a line-space gage.

This line-space gage 14 is pivoted on the shaft 13.

By taking hold of a knob or button 14: on the line-space gage 14 and springing the latter outward the lockingpin 14* may be withdrawn from or engaged in any one of the concentric series of holes 14. I ,are shown and these correspond with the three movements which in .the present invention ,can be imparted to the spacing-lever 13. Forlirniting the extent of the downward movement of the spacing-lever 13 and causing it to stop at .the same point, whatever its throw, a stop 14 is locatedat one side of the forwardlyextending arin 14 against which the end of the pawl 13 strikes so that the extremity of the toe 13 is forced forwardly into the notch between the teeth then lying opposite and into which notch the toe of the pawl enters during the depression of-the spacing-lever. This Three holes 14 locks the ratchet wheel 13 arid rack mechanism against excessive motion at this time, and prevents the parts from being carried by momentum beyond the proper positions. i

Preferably,- the end of the pawl 13 iscut square so as to fit squarely against the square shoulder of the tooth against which it abuts whilejhe point of the pawl is received in the deepest portion of the notch.

The pawl is spring-pressed sothat it will automatically enter into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet while the spring is light enough to permit the pawl to ride backwardly over the teeth of the ratchet until'the spacing-lever is brought into a position for engagement of the pawl with the ratchet-wheel. The spacing-lever as above intimated, has three possible normal positions which may be determined by the intervention of a device controlled by the line-spacing. gage or rockingpiece 14. This device consists of an upward exten-' sion 14 on the rocking-piece 14, provided at one side with a stud or stop pin 14 which enters an arcuate slot 14 formed in the hub portion of the spacing-lever and concentric with the axis of the shaft 13". p

It is not necessary that the;spacing-lever be slotted, as one edge thereof may simply strike the stop-pin 14 the pin-and-slot connection is simply more workmanlike. The stop pin 14 may be set in three positions so that, under the actuation of a spring 15, the spacinglever will be swung upwardly until the closed end of the slot 14 is brought to a stop against the pin 14 the upward movement of the. spacing-lever being deter- 'ini'ned by the position of the pin 14 15. In normal position of the spacing-lever the toe of prevent the engagement of the )awl therewith, the

toe of the pawl, when the spacing-leveris depressed, moving through the space defined by the distance between two teeth and into engagement with'the tooth lying in front of it, which is to be engaged, and the pawl then abutting against the-stop 14 when the distance between the limits 14 and M has been travorse d by the spacing-lever. What is here meant will be very clear when reference is made to Figs. 17 and 19.

In Fig. 17, the spacingmechanism is so set as that the carriage and carriage-frame may move over the distance oi three line-spaces, that is to say, the-pawl will. move the ratchet-wheel the distance of three teeth until the pawl is wedged, as it were, by the stop .l i

against theratchct. In the adjustment here shown, the pin 14 is engaged in the upper hole 14' oi the con centric series and the pin 14 is correspondingly set, so that under the actuation of the spring 15 the spacinglever will be swung up to its highest point, a portion of the lever 'oi the closed end of, the slot 14" abutting cient to permit the greatest movement desired by the spacing-lever. When, in this position, the spacinglever is depressed, the pawl 13 will engage the first tooth in front of the extension 1& and upon reaching the limit of its downward movement, the ratchet-wheel will have been moved the distance of three teeth, thus shifting the carriage and carriage-frame the corresponding distance by the intermeshing of the pinions 10 with the racks 10. Upon releasing the spacing-lever 13 the spring 15 pulls the same up until it is brought to rest against the pin 14 during which movement the toe of the pawl will ride freely over the teeth of the ratchet and will be automatically elevated onto the extension 14 and out of engagement with the ratchet.

wheel, the parts being then in position for another depression of thespacing-lever.

In Fig. 19 it will beobserved that the locking-pin 14 is engaged with the lowermost holel i of the series and the spring 15 will therefore be correspondingly distended by the pressure of the pin 14 against the spacing-lever. When so set the spacing-lever and pawl can only be depressed for a distance corresponding with one line-space, the pawl engaging the tooth next in front of the extension 14 and turning the ratchet-wheel through the distance of one tooth until the pawl strikes the stop 14*. By setting thelockingpin 14: in the intermediate hole the-spacing mechanism is set for spacing for the distance of two line-spaces, in an evident manner.

It will be observed that the distance through which the spacing-lever can be moved is approximately represented by the distance between the limits iormed by the stops 14 and 14, one oi the same being adjustable to or from the other, and s u ch adjustable limit or stop corresponding with the dead position of the pawl, that is to say, with its inoperative position.

ln Fig. 17 the dotted lines indicate the spacing lever ]3 in the lowest position to which itcan be carried. lit will be understood,' l 1owever, that it can only be depressed to this position after the pin 141 is placed in the lowermost hole 14 In order to maintain the. line-position set by the departs is not effectuated directly by the pinions and racks, but is performed by means of a Iocking-tooth which engages with the ratchet-wheellB. The locking-tooth 16 is beveled at opposite sides so as to take i directlyin'to the notches between the teeth of the ratchet-wheel and is carried by a gravity-piece or dog 1b whichis pivoted at 16 on a portion of the bracket 13 The stock of the gravity-piece 16 is so distributed are in normal writing position, the tooth 16 is out of engagement with the teeth ofjthe ratchet-wheel, as illustrated in Fig. 19. But, when the base-iramegtogether with the supported parts is raised into incli ed position shown in Fig. 20, the gravity-piece lB turns on its at opposite sides of the pivot as that when all the parts pivot and its locking-tooth lfi takes into the notches of the ratchet-wheel 13. Such a gravity device, or rather such'an automatic locking means, for the spacing mechanism is very essential in machines of the .class described, inasmuch as the operator is always sure that when the parts are returned to writing posi tion, they will register with the proper line-space.

The spacing lever 13 instead of being depressed directly,-may, of course, be operated upon by any suitable devices, at a more convenient point relative to the right-hand of the operator. The index 12 for the side scales 12 is preferably formed not directly on the sidepiece 8, but on a .plate 12 (see Fig. 1) which is countersunk in the side-piece, the-recess 12" receiving it being longer than the index-plate 12 so'that by means of countersunk set-screws, l2 passing through longitudinal slots 12 in the said side-piece, (see 4") the index plate may be adjusted parallel with the side scales and the index 12 set in register with one of the graduations.

In the event of the machine being taken apart, or the pinions otherwise removed from mesh with the racirs, they may not be returned so that the same teeth of the pinions will'again intermesh at the same points of the racks. I Then, since the numbers of teeth in the pinions are different from the number of ratchet teeth, the carriage frame will not be brought to the same points by the operation of the spacing lever so that the index l2 if it were non-adjusfabla'would not properly cooperate with the adjacent side-scale. In other words, when thecarriage frame is adjusted to be spaced to"new positions, so that the machine will print on new lines shifting of the points of impact of theprinting type is advantageous, in that clearand smooth surfaces which .would otherwise be left between ruts or grooves formed by the cross lines of impact upon the platen I so may be used for receiving the impact of'the type, with the result that the whole impact-compass of the platen may be .used to receive the force of the type-blows, and the life of the platen be thereby lengthened.

As before stated, the carriage-frame consists of two parts, 34, one of which is what is termed a slideframe and the other a swing-frame. The .slidefra'me has been described. The carriage travels transversely of the base-frame and platen upon the swingframe 4, which is shown more clearly in detail in Figs. 11 and 12, and comprises side-bars 19 connected at their front ends by a guide-rail 19, located in a planehigher than the side-bars, and which are provided at,

their rear ends with upwardly extending laterally off-set arms 20 which are screwed or otherwise fastened thereto at 21. Arms 20 have bearings 22 intermediate of their ends for fixed pivot-bolts 23 on the brackets 13, 'whereby the swing-frame is fulcrumed to the slideframe 3 in such manner that the side-bars of the swingframe may, when swung down, clear the slide-frame and lie upon opposite sides thereof, the upper surface of with the front guide-rail 19. The carriage travels,

the side-bars of these two parts being flush and the front.

slides or glides on these rails 1925, it being usually,

but not necessarily, provided to that end with forward guide and supporting rollers 26 which run on the rail 19, and its rear end being provided at opposite sides of the guide-rail 25 with guide-rollers 27 which are in the 7 0 approximate plane of the carriage, and' between and aboye the same, at an angle of 909 thereto, with supporting rollers 28; these rollers 2728 run on the rail 25.

All the'rolls are attached by pivots or journals to the carriage frame 5. Rollers 28 are grooved so as to clear the toothed rack 28? for use with a suitable escapement for letter spacing, not a part of the present invention. Any suitable form of escapement may be used with the present machine. Preferably, the carriage-frame is provided at front with a hook 29, a portion of which travels under the guide-raillQ, and, as it were, buckles or confines the carriage to the swing-frame, (forming a portion of the carriage-frame) but permits it to travel transversely thereof with a perfectly free and unim- I peded motion. When the carriage is raised or lowered around he rod 23,-as a center the hook'29 compels the s'wi g-frame to raise and lower it. Heretofore, in booktypewriting-machines, the front, guide rail 19, and the rear guide-rail supporting the carriage, remained always in operative relation to the platen, overlying the paper thereon, and obstructing, to an extent, the view of the printed matter and preventing freeaccess thereto for the purpose of correction. By reason of their fixed position, they also prevented the free introduction, removal and adjustment of the sheets. I

A characteristic novelty in my machine resides in the arrangement of the front-and rear guide-rails, so that they 'may be rnoved bodily upward away from the platen so as to give an unobstructed View of the pafper,

and free access thereto. In other words, the rai s on which the carriage travels laterally for letter'spacing, are mounted to swing bodily upward with the writing mechanism, around a horizontal axisand away from the 'platen'or paper supporting surface, which is left wholly free iro obstruction.

The'guide-rails will be seen in the drawings to move in the arcs of two different circles, the arc of the circle described by the rear guide-rail or rod 25 being much less than that described by the front guide-rail, and the 1 10 pivotal points of being the same, but the invention is not necessarily restricted to this arrangement, as it is evidentthat the axes of the rear guide-rail and the pivots for the carriage-frame may be practically coincident; This special feature causes the carriage to assome a balancedposition, when swung back, without strain on the parts. It is possible that variations may be resorted to in this connection in which the exact relationship is not carriedout, andl do not restrict my inwith a spring connection which tends to swing the v mechanism bodilyupward around a center away from the writing field, and this withoutthe spring causing any increased friction or resistance to the advancing 'movements of the printing carriage? second, the arrangement of a track or rail extending across the print-' 34-respectively that are fixed in ears or lugs 35-35" 3636*; one pair of lugs, 3535 at one side of the maupward.

the printing mechanism hinged or jointed thereto, and

the spring connections tending to swingthe mechanism The swing-frame. of the carriage-frame and the carriage on being liftedlawayfrom the writing or printing point or being lowered to the writing or printing point,

' cooperate with thefollowing instrumentalities; To the end portions of the respective arms 20, links one of them containing a longitudinal slot 42, are pivoted at one end, their opposite ends being pivoted to a pair of levers 3132 which are fulcrumed on pivot-shafts 33 chine projecting from one bracket 13 and the other pair at the opposite side of'the machineprojecting from the other bracket 13 both brackets being rigidly secured to the sliding frame. Helical torsion springs 3738 are respectively coiled around the pivot-shafts 3334, one end of spring 37 being anchored to the stationary lug while its other end isconnected with the lever 31; andon the other hand, one end of the spring 38 at the other side of the machine being secured to the lug 36 while its other end is connected with the lever 32.- The described springs are placed under tension,, due to the weight of the swing-frame 4 and carriage 5 when the latter are lowered into writing position, and, when the same are raised, it is evident that the tension of the springs which tend totu-rn the swinging frame and the carriage of the writing mechanism upward is relaxed in proportion to the distance the carriage is moved away from writing or printing position.

One feature of the invention in the embodiment herein shown, as previously intimated, is that the carriage has three-useful positions, namely, a writing position, a correcting position and a fulllexposing or gle of 90, which is rendered possible-by the proper balancing of the parts. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art that when the invention is applied to book typewriters'such as the Elliott and Hatch, the three positions need not bewithin an angle of 90, as in'this class of machines, the-type-basket 5* which supports the writing instrumentalities, such as,.the

type, is mounted on the carriage. As regards those machines in which the carriage does not carry the'typebars, the adjustment, to come within the scope of the present invention, is within an angle of 90. Asin moving towards the vertical, the carriage and swing' e frame do not-exert as much leverageas when 1n writing position, one ofthe springs, in this instance 38, is rendered non-active or'ineffective'by the time the carriage is moved to its first raisedposition, in the following manner: a stop 39 is formed on the lug 36, and a projection 40 on the lever 32(preierably formed by the pro truding end of the spring 38) iscaused tostrike a stop 39, during the raising of the carriage, by the swinging movement of said lever. It is evident that some other stopping means may be used, as the lever itself may strike a suitable stop directly. Until stopped the firstraisedposition, both springs are acting on the carriage tending to move it up and it is only necessary to start the carriage upwardly, when both springs will pull it gently to the said position with ease and without shock, and when it is in this position the springs hold the carriage there. It will be seen on referring to Fig. 7 7' that the outer end of the lever 32 bears a pin 41 which enters a longitudinal slot 42 in the adjacent link 30,-

thereby'perinitting the carriage to be raised from its first raised to its second raised position. An arrange ment to this end is required, as thelever 32 is now stopped and cannot move down any further, whereas the other lever 31 has a further downward movement. When thecarriage is in its firstraised position, the

gentlest pressure will enable the carriage to move with the assistance of spring 37 to second raised position, in which position a stop 43 on the lug 35 is struck by a projection 44 on the lever 31, which projection is preferably formed by the protruding end of the spring 37.

that a positive stop for that side of the carriage is furnished, which, in connection with the positive stop at the other side, prevents any racking of or injury to the parts by undue strains or stresses. i

. While it is preferred to make provision for maintaining the carriage at two different elevations, for the reasons already explained, it is to be understood that this is not essential, .as my invention includes, in combination with the carriage, lifting or balancing devices adapted to hold or assist in holding it in one elevated positiononly.

, Preferably a ball-bearing, such as is shown in Fig. 4,

is provided in each of the joints between the pivot- -pins 23 and thearms 20 of the swing-frame so that, the

latter and the cafiiage will be more sensitive to the action of the balancing springs and the torich, or, in other words, the sensitiveness of the carriage and the swing-frame of the carriage-frame to the gentle lift by thehand of the operator is more marked. To this end, the pivot-pins 23 are eachprovided with a reduced stem 23 forming a shoulder 23 between the same and the main portion of thepin: and a socket 20 on each arm is fitted with a'hard-metal bushing 20 provided with annular. V-shaped raceway 20 in which the'balls 20 run, said balls also running in another comple menta'ry V-shaped raceway 23 which is 1 formed by bev eling'the shoulder 23 and also the adjacent endof the hard-metal thrust-piece 23, that is sleeved onto the stem 23 and is set adjustably into the bushing'20 by a washer 23 and nut 23, which nut is screwed onto the projecting screw-threaded end of the said stem. Anti-friction joints are therefore provided between thethe present invention, for which purpose advantage is taken of the peculiar operation of the swing-frame and carriage Figs. l67910 may be referred to in this connection. The scale 45 consists ofa thin 7 strip of metal or any other suitable material provided .with proper graduations eiitending in a series longi- I ends with singularlyextending hooks 47'47 which I the other of its guides on the carriage-frame, the upper open downwardly or towards the plane of said arms so that they may be hung over and detached from the shaft 13, thereby affording the proper pivotal connection. One or more brace-rods 48 parallel with shaft 13 connect the rear hooked ends of the arms so as to maintain the-scale in proper position by stiffening its support. A heel 49 projects from the hook 47 and, by

striking a relatively'fixed point,- restricts the upward swing of arms 46. Thepointer 50 is caused to move\ across the sheet as the carriage travels from one side to end of the pointer being provided with a bearing sleeve 51 which is adapted to turn on and move along a rod 52 fixed transversely of the machine in the brackets 13". Said rod 52 affords a pivot for-the pointer.

'The movement of the pointer transversely across the surface to be written upon is caused by a link 53, through one end of which the rod 52 passes, which end of saidlink is received in av recess 54 in the sleeve 51, while the other end of the link is pivoted at 55 to a lug 56 on the carriage. The pivot 55 is conicident with. the pivots 23 around which the carriage'swings, fo r evident reasons. The swinging movement does not directly actuate the pointer in the present instance;

as the said link-connection is simply for the purpose of enabling the carriage to swing, without acting on the pointer therethrough. Said pointer is arranged to respond to the forward, and backward movement of the scale, brought about as presently described, and,, to i that end, the scale-carrying, arms 46 are connected by a lift-rod 57 which enters an opening 58, extendipg lengthwiseof the shank of the pointer and formed by a keeper59 atthe under side of said shank. The keeper 59 projects rearwardly from its point of attachment to the pointer and is detachedjfrom the pointer at .its rear end so that when desired the pointer may be discon nected from the lift-rod 57. For raising the scale and pointer from the paper a'pusher 6Q,'provided with a,

. projection 61, is pivoted to the c arriageat 62/ just below. the realt guide-rail. When the carriage is raised to its first position the pusher 60 has no effect, but, as it rests and moves easily on one of the stiffening or brace rods 48 which forms a guide, it will, when the carriage has been lifted to its secondraised position strike-the said brace-rod or guide, quickly oscillate thearms46,

and raise the scale 45 away from the. sheet with a'ccel- I erated speed from the position shownin Fig. 6 to that shown in Fig. 7, the pointer, responding to the move- I now be described nient with accelerated speed'or with a speed at least in proportion to that of the scale, due to the action of the lift-rod 57 upon said pointer. The object of imparting the accelerating or differential movement from the. carriage to the scale is to impart to the latter a long vertical movement sufficient to lift it entirely out of the way while the carriage is rising the short distance,

I or through-the small are,- from its first to its second position. The automatic raising of the scale and pointer when the carriage is being moved from its first raised I position to its second raised position isthereby caused;

and, it is clear that the swing-frame instead of the carriage may be used to actuatethe'scale and pointer;

When it is desired to write on any page of a book. or

upon a single sheet or envelop, the same is properly arranged over the platen and the base-frame with the the'impression of the type upon the exposed surface may he proceeded with, the letter and word-spacing being accomplished through the medium of 'any suitable or well-known mechanism, not shown and not belonging to-the present invention and the line-spacing being effectuated by the depression of the spacinglever 13, the extent of the movement of. which, for spacing over one, twb, three or apluralityof lines, is' defined by the limiting devices heretofore described. As the scale 45 and the pointer 50 rest upon the surface written upon, th ey reliably indicate the position of the carriage in letter or wind-spacing, while the scales 12 at the side in connection with the indexes 11 indicate the line position of the carriage. If it is desired to correct a word or'letter, the swing-frame may be raised with the carriage 'to the first raised position, with slight effort, at the end of which movement one of the controlling springs, in the present instance 38, cannot exert aT'further pull but sufficient strength is left in sired lateral position, indicated by the fully visible scale 45. and pointer 50I'On lowering the carriage, both the springs cushion the same, as it were, and prevent any shockto or breakage of the parts, if the car: riag e should be released before it has assumed writing position. "If it isdesir'ed to exposethe whole page or sheet, the swing-frame and carriage are moved upto the second raised position, which movement automatically raises the scale and pointer from the page or sheet. If a special clamp be used, as may be done, a loose sheet or envelop may be readily removed or incarriageilowered until in writing positiom: whereupon fact that the carriage is raised,- it may be shifted one Y 7 way or the other on its guide-rails and set in the des erted without raising the base-frame, unless the sheet I beof such width as to lap under the base-frame, but even in this base it is only nedessary to raise thebaseframe slightly; In either raised position of the carriage, the same is maintained and balanced at the desired point without preventing the operator from using 'his hands for some other purpose, as in correcting or p to pivoted to the slide-frame 3 at 63 is a dog 6- prefer ably of the peculiarshape shown. that is to say. the dog is provided with a lip 65. adapted to be turned over the upper side of the swing-franre. and a finger B6 arranged angularly relatively to each other. the pivot being approximately in the angle. Extending from the pivot 63 approximately in line with finger 66 of the dog is an'elongated weight 67 for the purpose presently to be stated.

A spring 68 is attached at one end to the finger B6 of therdog 6-1 and at its other end is anchored in a suitable manner to the slide-frame 3 of the carriage-frame The tendency of this spring is to counteract the tendency of the weight 67 and to prevent the lip of the dog from protruding beyond the outer edge of the slide-frame 3. The spring exercises this function during the normal travel of the carriage-frame along the lnrse frame but as soon as the base-frame 2 is turned upward around its horizontal axis 2 with the carriage thereon. the gravity of the weight 6? draws the lip 65 over into locking engagement over the upper surface of the adjacent side bar of the swing-frame 4 and stretches the spring 65.- This action takes place automatically upon the raising of the base-frame with the carriage and the swing-frame. and hence the carriage is locked firmly to the base-frame so as to be prevented from swinging away from the base-frame. which action might take place on the rapid lifting of the base-frame.

In other words. the gravity of the weight. 67. throws the dog into engagement over the lift frame when the parts are tirrned toward an upright position. while. on the contrary. the spring 68 throws the (log out of engagement when the parts are turned downward. Thus provision is made for preventing injury to any part of the nraehine due to the carriage swinging away from the base-frame wherrthe base-frame itself is lifted. as the operator has not then hold of the swing-frame. but of the base-frame. Of course. a careful operator. even if such provision did or did not exist. would usually take hold of both the base-frame and the swing-frame in raising the same. but to prevent injury due to carelessness. it is better to make the above provision.

In Figs. 1 and 3 stud or projection 69 is shown upon the rear end of the base-frame. in the path of travel of the finger 66 on the dog 64. The objept. of this stud or projection 69 is to engage the finger 66 and. notwithstanding the weight 67. to cause a positive actuation of the dog and to engage its lip 65 with the swing-frame 4. Ordinarily. the operator will move the carriage back as far as possible before lifting the base-frame 2. because if this is not done. the base-frame. front rail. carriage and other parts will produce a greater leverage to be overcome by the operator in lifting the base-frame. When the carriage is pushed back as far as possible, the same and the swing-frame will be automatically locked by the dog 64 in the above described manner through the medium of the stud 69 and will therefore prevent the moving of the carriage away from the base-frame. The

parts are so balanced as that when the carriage is moved the base-frame.

to its rearward position and the base-frame is moved up into the position shown in Fig. 2 until its rear portion contacts with a stop 70 on one of the brackets 2, the parts supported by the base-frame and which li on opposite sides of a vertical plane passing through the pivots 2* will approximately balance each other. This position of the base-frame and supported parts when raised to the fullest extentleaves the base-frame in corrvenient position for being lowered when desired and at the sarrre time enables the operator to have free use of the hands for other purposes than that of holding the base-frame in the most convenient position. This arrangenrerrt also obviates swinging of the base-frame over beyond the vertical plane and the consequent strain on the pivots which would be thereby produced. When the carriage is lowered and it is desired to write on the first line of a sheet, it is only necessary to depress j the spacing-lever once to release dog 6-1 from stop 69. This action will also establish normal conditions in the swing-frame and carriage and parts actuated theretlrrouglr.

At the opposite side of the machine is preferably arranged an automatic lock for also preventing the carriage andswing-frame from moving away from the baseframewheri the latter is lifted, such automatic lock therefore supplementing the action of the automatic lock on the opposite side of the machine for evident reasons. This form of lock is shown in Figs. 131-h 15 and 16. It. consists of a dog "[1 pivoted at 72 to the proper one of the brackets 13" and preferably operated by gravity, and to that end the dog is provided with a locking horn or hook 73 and a weighted portion 74 which is usually arranged angularly relatively to the locking-horn 73. When the base-frame islifted. the dog 71 automatically swings on its pivot, from the position shown in Fig. 13 to the position shown in Fig. 15, so that the horn or locking finger 73 engages in a relatively arranged keeper 75 on the swing-frame, thereby preventing the moving of the swing-frame away from The detail view, Fig. 16, also shows the dog in locking engagement with the keeper. This described fornr of automatic lock operates in any shifted position of the carriage and swing-frame along the baseframe. Figs. 13 and 14 respectively show the non activity of this form of automatic lock during the ordinary position of the carriage and swing-frame and during the lifting of the swing-frame and carriage away from the base-frame, while Fig. 15 clearly shows the automatic locking action of the dog 71 when the baseframe itself is lifted.

Another adjunct of the present invention is a vernier 76 which is preferably formed by giaduations nrade directly in say the lefthand side-piece 8 of the carriage-frame. The graduations of the vernier usually run from (0) zero to 9. The graduations at 76 of the vernier are spaced apart differentially with reference to those on the side of the frame 8. so that only one line of the vernier willbe in register at one time with a line on the frame. As usual in vernier scales, each of the graduations at 76 will be distant from the next one an amountequal to one-tenth of the distance be tween the successive gmduations on the frame 8. Owing to this fact. itbecornes possible for the operator to advance the sliding frame, step by step, equal distances, although these distances may not agree with the graduations on the frame. In other words, it permits the machine to be operated for spacing the successive lines of print any required distance apart, without specially adjusting the scale or indicator on the machine and without requiring it to occupy any particular or peculiar relation to the printing point. The Vernier is'useful when it is desired to set the machine to print upon a line already printed upon, on a sheet or leaf which has been removed from the ma chine and is returned for additional writing orhlteration or to print in line with a certain point-on the sheet. Such lines or points are unlikely to come at points to which the spacing mechanism will naturally space, and the error with respect to the nearest point to which the machine will space must be ascertained on the Vernier. by sliding the carriage frame so as to bring the desired line or point directly behind the letter scale, and then reading the error. point is brought over the line or point at which it is desired to write, as near as may be by the spacing lever, the error is corrected by a slight further shifting of the carriage frame so that the same graduation on the ver-.

nier and the nearest graduation on the adjacent side scale are in register, or which two adjacent graduations of the Vernier are most nearly in register with two adjacent graduations of the side scale. It will be understood that the index 12" will unlikely register with the adjacent graduations, in adjusting the machine, and if it does not, then the Vernier forms a valuable adjunct for this work. After a sheet or a book has been removed from the machine, it may be desired to make some correct-ions in various lines. The operator, in such case, replaces the sheet or page of the book in printing position and corrects the first line requiring correction, after adjusting the machine in the manner stated, and noting the registration of vernier and adjacent side scale. The carriage is now spaced until the next line to be corrected is in proper printing position, which is quickly ascertained by noting that the previously registered vernier graduation is in register with one of the side scale graduations.

In Figs. 1 and 4 there is shown a friction device which may be used where the plane of the base-frame is different at different times. base-frame is greater there is a greater tendency of the carriage-frame to run down theincline. To overcome this, I prefer to use the said friction-device, consisting of a spring-arm 77 secured at one end to the back-bar 7 of the carriage-frame, by a screw 78, itsiree end extending under the backbar and carrying a small pressure-roller 79 which travels on the base-frame 2. A

regulating screw 80 adjustable/in the back-bar 7 bears within the province of sllilled mechanics to alter some parts and to substitute some parts by others, or to altogether omitsome, without taking the remaining features or any of the features from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Then, after the printing When the incline oi the sas es chine cbnsists of the two side-bars and a cross-connection' at the rear only, so that the frame presents in plan View a lU-fonn open at the front and without any obstruction across the printing field.

' it is to be further observed that the lift-frame which carries the printing mechanism, is hinged at the rear to the slide-frame and that the cross-rod or shaft which carries the linespacing gear is also at the rear of the slide-frame, so that when the lift-frame with the printing mechanism thereon is turned upward, the whole printing field is left unobstructed so that the paper may be freely inserted and removed, and so that the surface is accessible when making erasures, &c.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination, with the carriage and a typebasket thereon. of means for maintaining the carriage and type-basket in two positions above writing position, substantially as described.

, 2. In a typewriting machine. the combination, with the base-frame. of the carriage and a. type-basket plvotally mountedon the baseframe. and means for maintaining the carriage and type-basket in a plurality of positions above the writing position. substantially as described.

3. In a 'typewriting machine, the combination, with the carriage. and a type-basket thereon, of means for maintaining the carriage and type-basket in three definite positions, substantially as described.

4. In a typewriting machine. the combination, with the carriage. of means for maintaining the carriage in two [)0- sitions above the writing position. all positions being'within an angle of 90?. substantially as described.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination. with the base-frame. of the pivotally mounted carriage, and means for holding the carriage in two positions above the writing position. all positions being within an angle of 90.hsubstuntially as described.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination, with the base-frame. of the carriage-frame shiftable on the baset'rame. the carriage. and means for maintaining the carriage and a portion of the carriage-frame in two positions above the writing position. substantially as described.

7. In a rypewriting machine. the combination, with the carriage. of means whereby the carriage is adapted to occupr and be supported. within an angle of 90, in three definite positions above the printing point, substantially as described.

8. In a typewriting machine; the combination, with the base-frame and platen. of the carriage, and means for maintaining the carriage in a plurality of definite positions above the platen and the writing position, substantially as described.

9. In a typewriting machine the combination of a base frame. a slide frame movable thereon for line spacing. a. swing frame jointed directly to the slide frame to turn bodily upward from its normal position over the printing field. a carriage containing the writing" mechanism sustained wholly on the swing frame and arranged to advance step by step thereon as the successive letters are printed. and spring connections between the slide .frame and swing frame tending to turn the latter upward.

spacing. the swing frame hinged directly thereto to turn bodily upward in the arc of a circle. and thewriting mechanism having its carriage sustained wholly by the swing 

